Law Office of Joanne Kleiner

Divorce

Jul 21

A la carte or “unbundled” legal services for divorce

Navigating Your Divorce With À La Carte Legal Services

About 40% of all divorce cases involve at least one pro se litigant, which means that they represent themselves. But almost half of them—a number that is still trending up—do have some legal assistance through a concept known as limited-scope representation.

What Is Limited-Scope Representation?

Limited-scope representation—often abbreviated LSR—is referred to by a number of different terms, including legal coaching, unbundled divorce services, and à la carte divorce services. Most people are familiar with the concept of à la carte as it pertains to restaurants. It means, for instance, that you can order your steak as a separate item as opposed to the steak platter, which also includes fries and vegetables. LSR is similar in concept but applies to a divorce lawyer and the legal services that they offer. You can think of those legal services as a menu from which you can select individual items, such as:

  • Providing legal advice
  • Filing documents with the court
  • Preparing and organizing legal documents
  • Representing you or appearing for you in court

Is Limited-Scope Representation Appropriate for All Divorces?

No. A contested divorce is a situation where you generally want your divorce lawyer to oversee the entire process. Even an amicable divorce may not be a good fit for LSR if the proceedings are time-sensitive. Self-representation, even if only to a degree, usually will require an education on your part, and if you lack the time for that learning, then the case is best left to a professional.

How Does Selecting Legal Services À La Carte Unfold?

It usually begins with a confidential initial consultation, which is usually provided at no charge. During this meeting, you will explain the case in detail to the best of your knowledge to the attorney. The lawyer will then assess the case and make recommendations concerning which legal services they believe that you need and which tasks you can handle on your own. You will also have an opportunity to ask questions, but a lawyer will generally require you to agree to pay for at least legal coaching prior to the discussion extending too far into that domain.

Limited-Scope Representation vs. Full Representation

Full representation involves a lawyer overseeing every aspect of your divorce from the moment you hire them—usually prior to proceedings beginning—and through the conclusion. While this approach is the most expensive, that cost is well worth it when the case is complex or time-sensitive and when there is a great deal of money on the line. With LSR, you have greater control. You pay for only what you need, and your lawyer can place great emphasis on the most critical aspects of your case.

Limited-Scope Representation vs. Self-Representation

Self-representation means that you are representing yourself, and many couples involved in amicable divorces choose to represent themselves in order to minimize costs. Some divorces that do not involve children or significant assets are simple enough that self-representation makes sense. However, in most cases, the judge will recommend LSR to both parties. Divorce agreements often have hidden complications that a layman simply cannot see but that a divorce attorney certainly will. Also, self-representation often involves more energy and time than people expected, and the cost of some legal guidance along with document preparation is often well worth it in the end.

Navigate Your Divorce With Greater Control

Are you about to enter a divorce process or already have? Do you need legal representation but want to maintain control over your case and are aiming to avoid the big costs associated with divorce attorney fees? The Law Office of Joanne Kleiner would like to help.

Joanne Kleiner has more than 25 years of experience as a divorce lawyer in Pennsylvania, and her office is located in Jenkintown. Confidential initial consultations are provided at no charge and without obligation. We can accommodate an in-office consultation or host it over the phone or via video conference, and you can schedule your appointment today by calling 215-886-1266 or by contacting us online.

Jun 22

Can I File for Divorce in the Same State as my Vacation Home?

Can I File for Divorce in a Different State?

In the United States, 16.3 out of every 1,000 women got married in 2019, but 7.6 out of every 1,000 women got a divorce. Many people are as a result turning to a divorce lawyer for information about the process, because it comes with a lot of questions, like where you must legally bring the action.

Determining Where You Can File for Divorce

Some people may want to file for divorce in the state where their vacation homes are located because they wish to be in a state where they may be favored when it comes time to divide the marital assets. For example, Pennsylvania is a state where the courts divide marital assets by the process known as equitable distribution. What this means is that a court will base the decision on what it deems to be fair, which does not necessarily mean equal.

In community property states, each spouse may be able to designate some property as separate property, but the marital property will be considered to be community property. The court may divide this property evenly between the two spouses, and this may benefit the spouse with less separate property.

Residency Requirements

The purpose of residency requirements is to prevent the scenario described above from occurring. Most states require that couples set up residence in the state in which they plan to file for divorce. They may also need to meet a county residency requirement, but this will be shorter than the state requirement. You will also need to live in the location on a continuous basis to establish residency.

If your vacation home is in a community property state where it would benefit you to reside, you may wish to meet the residency requirements and file there.

Domicile Rather Than Residency

Your residence is the place where you receive mail, register to vote, and where you own, lease or rent your home. Your company may be in the location of this home, and you may have registered your vehicles and registered to vote in the area. This is evidence that the property is your residence.

Domicile means that you are physically located in the state. It also means that you intend to live there on an ongoing basis but that you are not required to remain there forever. Some states use the word “domicile” rather than residency for divorce proceedings.

The Right of Jurisdiction

Before the courts can decide how much marital property each spouse may receive, it must demonstrate that it has jurisdiction over the matter. The divorce petition is the document that states that the spouse meets the requirements for residency, and this provides the state with jurisdiction. Once the court serves the other spouse with the divorce papers, it has jurisdiction over this spouse as well. After this occurs, the filing spouse may leave the state if the couple doesn’t have any children.

Length of Time

If your vacation home is located in one of 26 states, you must establish residency for six months if you want to divorce in that state. Nevada requires one of the shortest residencies. If your vacation home is in Nevada, you will only need to reside there for six weeks. If your vacation home is in Washington, Alaska, or South Dakota, you aren’t required to establish residency. The remaining states have residency requirements of between 60 and 90 days.

Two extreme cases are Connecticut and New York. If your vacation home is in Connecticut, you will need to establish a domicile for a full 365 days. If you and your spouse did not get married in New York, you will need to live in the state for two years before you can file for divorce.

How Do Courts Determine Domicile?

Courts determine domicile by examining where the family lives, where the adults vote, where the vehicles are registered, and where they obtained their licenses to drive. Where they work and whether or not they are engaged in the community also add weight to the issue.

If you are in need of a divorce lawyer, contact us at the Law Office of Joanne Kleiner. We are located in Jenkintown, Pennsylvania, and we can be reached at (215) 886-1266.

May 18

What is a Certified Divorce Financial Analyst?

A Certified Divorce Financial Analyst, or CDFA, is a financial professional who can help with all the financial details pertaining to your divorce. This person typically works alongside a divorce lawyer and has a background in finance or accounting. CDFAs undergo special training to become certified, so they can offer essential advice on all financial areas of a divorce.

Why You Should Hire a Financial Planner for Your Divorce

Going through a divorce is difficult enough. However, there are always many aspects to consider during this time. Finances rank as one of the top reasons why married couples end up ending their marriage in the first place.

Women, in particular, are often concerned about the financial aspects of a divorce. If you are going through a contested divorce, things can get sticky when you want your fair share. A certified financial planner can be a valuable tool to have on your side. There are a few benefits to hiring this professional to help you through the process.

A Financial Analyst Can Save You Time

On average, a divorce in the United States takes around one year to finalize. A CDFA can help explain all the pertinent financial aspects of your divorce. This can save you precious time when you know what to expect concerning separation, spousal support and child support if your marriage produced children. You will have the advantage of being able to make better decisions about finances throughout the divorce process.

A CDFA Can Save You Money

In addition to helping their clients understand more about their basic expenses, financial professionals can also save you money. By giving you a better understanding of all the consequences of your financial choices, you will be more knowledgeable about how to make better decisions about your finances.

A Finance Professional Can Help You Avoid Long-Term Financial Problems

Working with a financial planner during your divorce can help you avoid certain long-term financial problems once you are single. CDFAs can inform you about the long-term effects they foresees in your divorce settlement. They will provide you with details about benefits and tax liabilities alike. This can help you avoid pitfalls that you might otherwise be susceptible to if you did not have a financial professional on your side. The issues a financial analyst can coach you about include events in the immediate future as well as those well into the future, such as your retirement.

An Analyst Can Help You Devise a Budget

Your financial professional can help you create a budget for your monthly spending, which can help you stay in check after your divorce has been finalized. This type of advice is practical and can keep you better balanced in terms of your money and expenses. Items such as rent, health insurance, life insurance and other basic living expenses are taken into account.

A CDFA Can Reduce Problems During the Divorce

A financial professional can also reduce certain problems that can arise during divorce proceedings. It is quite normal for confusion, misunderstandings and nervousness to occur during this stage of your life. Many people who legally end their marriage have a false sense that they will be able to obtain divorce settlements that will allow them to continue enjoying the type of daily lives they led while married. Their former spouses may have a different attitude about this, and as a result, issues can arise. Your financial professional can help ease your mind and allow you to retain stability with your finances while preventing financial mistakes from happening during the proceedings.

While a divorce lawyer is definitely an essential asset to have, you will want a financial professional on hand as well. The former is skilled in the area of the law may not know everything that a CDFA does. Having the two professionals working together on your divorce case can ensure that the proceedings go more smoothly so that you can have a positive outcome.

If you live in Pennsylvania and are going through a divorce, contact the Law Office of Joanne Kleiner for a consultation. Our office is located in Jenkintown and can be reached at (215) 886-1266.

May 14

Divorcing a Spouse Living in a Different State

It’s not uncommon for divorcing spouses to want to get farther away from each other, sometimes even going so far as to move to different states. Divorcing while living in different states shouldn’t be a problem. However, certain rules must be followed in order for the marital dissolution to be valid.

State Jurisdiction

The first order of business is to look at what state the divorce has been filed in. If you and your spouse have been living together in the same state, filing requirements may be easier, but each state has its own requirements pertaining to residency. If one of the spouses has moved to another state before the divorce was filed, the requirements need to be looked at closely as some states may have a requirement that mandates that a person must have lived in the state for at least six months in order to file for divorce in that state. Other states may specify a different time frame. In fact, this is usually the case with most states. Some states may even require that a person live there for a year before becoming a resident.

Residency Requirements

The residency requirements must be met before filing for a divorce petition in that state. If the spouses are already living in different states, each state can have jurisdiction over the divorce and hear the case in a local court. Jurisdiction means that a state has authority over the divorce proceedings. Spouses do not have to return to the state they were married in and where the marriage license was actually issued. However, if the spouses live in different states, both states technically have jurisdiction over the divorce proceedings.

Who Files First?

Proceedings will take place in the state in which the divorce was filed. Each party may need to attend the court dates regardless of which state it is in or if he or she has already moved out of state. This being the case, it would benefit the spouse who files the divorce papers first as that means the divorce proceedings will take place in his or her state. Because travel arrangements can be expensive and time-consuming, it usually behooves the spouse who files first to make quick filing arrangements.

Help Where Needed

Working with a divorce lawyer is the best way to ensure that the divorce goes smoothly. If the spouses are still on mutually good terms, they may compromise on travel arrangements or other details. Also, if the couple is agreeing on most things without a battle ensuing, it could mean that the proceedings won’t have to take place inside the courtroom other than the judge approving a settlement agreement that the couple has negotiated or has reached after participating in mediation sessions.

Things a Couple May Agree On

  • Custody and visitation of minor children
  • Alimony
  • What to do with the family home
  • Who gets to keep the pet
  • The division of assets obtained during the marriage

The more things that the couple agrees on, the faster the proceedings will be, and future travel expenses could e avoided. Sometimes, the spouses live in different but neighboring states. In this case, it may be easier to participate in mediation sessions and attend court appearances.

A divorce lawyer can often play a leading role in the negotiation of a comprehensive settlement agreement. It’s also important to have an attorney that is fair, knowledgeable and able to provide assistance when needed. Feeling as if your lawyer understands what you’re going through is also preferable. Divorces are not an easy time for most people, and having a trusted advisor and attorney can help you feel more confident and relaxed.

If you’re looking for compassionate legal advice and assistance, call the Law Office of Joanne Kleiner at (215) 886-1266. We have over 25 years of experience in Pennsylvania family law, and our office is located in Jenkintown.

Apr 21

You May Claim Social Security Benefits Based on an Ex’s Work Record

Can I Receive Benefits From My Ex’s Work Record?

You can qualify for Social Security benefits based on your most recent ex-spouse’s work record if you meet a few specific qualifying criteria, and the Social Security Administration will only grant you payments on your ex’s earnings record if he or she qualifies for monthly benefits. Whether or not your former spouse is actively receiving benefits has no bearing on your qualifying for benefits under their record.

Eligibility Requirements

To be eligible to receive payouts under your ex-spouse’s income record, the marriage would have had to have lasted for at least 10 years. You would have been divorced for at least two years and had not remarried. Your ex-spouse would need to be a qualifying candidate that can receive Social Security retirement income or disability benefits. To be eligible for the benefits under your divorced spouse’s earned income, you must be at least 62 years of age.

How Are the Benefits Calculated?

The SSA calculates the higher of the two payments, either yours or your former spouse’s. It will issue checks to you based on one calculation, which means you will be getting the rate that pays you the most benefits. You will not be entitled to receive a double payment.

The most that you will be entitled to receive through your former spouse’s earnings record is 50 percent of what he or she would be entitled to at full retirement age, which is currently 67 years old. If the amount that you would receive based on your own record would be greater than that, then your payments would be based on your personal earnings history, and that of your former spouse’s would be ignored for this purpose. You can get the maximum amount available to you if you file for Social Security benefits when you reach full retirement age. It is important to bear in mind that if you end up getting paid based upon your former spouse’s earnings history, the amount that they are entitled to receive will not be affected in any fashion whatsoever.

If you claim earlier, the benefit amount gets reduced. The payouts can increase by 8 percent every year between age 67 and 70 years if you wait until age 70 to collect benefits. If you delay filing your Social Security payouts past age 70, however, your benefits will not increase further.

What Happens if You or Your Former Spouse Remarries?

If your ex-spouse remarries, your eligibility status for receiving benefits under their record is unaffected. However, if you remarry, you no longer qualify for payments based on your ex’s record.

Filing the Claim

Before you file an application to receive benefits that are based on your former spouse’s income record, contact your local Social Security office to determine if you meet the eligibility requirements and to learn how much of a monthly payment it is estimated that you will receive. You will have to provide certain personal information, including your U.S. passport or another form of legal identification, as well as your divorced spouse’s identifying information. This can include your former spouse’s Social Security number, name, and any other information you may still have access to, such as a marriage certificate and a divorce decree. If you cannot locate those latter documents, you will need to provide the approximate dates of those events.

You can consult a divorce lawyer to ensure your documents are in order. The Social Security Administration will use this information to look up your former spouse’s work history.

The earliest you can file your Social Security claim is three months before you turn age 62. You can file an online application through the Social Security Administration website or by calling the SSA toll-free If you need an in-person interview with a Social Security representative, you should make an appointment with your local SSA office.

If you are confused by the process of claiming benefits from your former spouse, having the help of a divorce lawyer can be important. Contact the Law Office of Joanne Kleiner at (215) 866-1266 to learn more about the specifics of your case.